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Surah Al-Ma'idah — 5:5

ٱلْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ ٱلطَّيِّبَـٰتُ ۖ وَطَعَامُ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ حِلٌّ لَّكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ ۖ وَٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتُ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ وَٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتُ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَـٰفِحِينَ وَلَا مُتَّخِذِىٓ أَخْدَانٍ ۗ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِٱلْإِيمَـٰنِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُۥ وَهُوَ فِى ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ مِنَ ٱلْخَـٰسِرِينَ

Alyawma uhilla lakumut taiyibaatu wa ta'aamul lazeena ootul Kitaaba hillul lakum wa ta'aamukum hillul lahum wal muhsanaatu minal mu'minaati walmuhsanaatu minal lazeena ootul Kitaaba min qablikum izaaa aataitumoohunna ujoorahunna muhsineena ghaira musaafiheena wa laa muttakhizeee akhdaan; wa mai yakfur bil eemaani faqad habita 'amaluhoo wa huwa fil Aaakhirati minal khaasireen

Dzisiaj są wam dozwolone dobre rzeczy; dozwolone wam jest pożywienie tych, którym została dana Księga; a wasze pożywienie jest im dozwolone. I kobiety cnotliwe spośród wierzących, i kobiety cnotliwe spośród tych, którym została dana Księga przed wami, jeśli daliście im należny posag jako ludzie uczciwi, a nie rozpustni, biorący je sobie jako nałożnice. A ktokolwiek odrzuca wiarę, to jego działanie jest daremne i on w życiu ostatecznym znajdzie się wśród tych, którzy ponieśli stratę.

Today the good things are made lawful for you. The food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you, and your food is lawful for them. And lawful to you in marriage are the chaste women among the believing women and the chaste women among those who were given the Scripture before you, once you have given them their due bridal gifts, seeking chastity, not lewdness, and not taking secret lovers. Whoever rejects faith — their deeds have come to nothing, and in the hereafter they are among the losers.

Reflection

The same root governs both sides of the permission: the women are muḥṣanāt, and the men who marry them are required in the same clause to be muḥṣinīn, seeking chastity, not keeping secret partners. Muḥṣan runs on an image of fortification, of being kept secure, which is why jurists have read it variously as chaste, free, or married. Whatever the reading, the condition is placed on the man too.

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